To get the version of Kubernetes running on the cluster:

kubectl version

To get the list of nodes:

kubectl get nodes

To get the list of pods:

kubectl get pods

To get the list of pods and broader/wider information about pods:

kubectl get pods -o wide

To get the details of a pod specified:

kubectl describe pod <pod-name>

To get the list of replication controllers:

kubectl get replicationcontroller/ kubectl get rc

To get the list of replica sets:

kubectl get replicaset/ kubectl get rs

To get the list of deployments:

kubectl get deployments

To get the list of deployments, replica sets and pods:

kubectl get all